第1002章 经济(二)
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第1002章经济(二)(第1/2页)
顾炎武立于台心,那清瘦的身躯此刻仿佛蕴含着洞穿迷雾的力量,目光显得有些锐利,甚至藏着一丝战斗的欲望,如同利剑,直刺张烈那“重农抑商”言论背后深藏的目的。
“张孜堂悲天悯人,忧国忧民,其心可鉴!”顾炎武先是微微颔首,换来张烈一揖,两人辩经的氛围似乎是和谐而友好,但很快顾炎武便话锋陡转,变得沉凝而犀利,如同挥下一把利剑:“然则张孜堂此番重农抑商之高论,老夫细思之下,却觉其看似为民请命、为国绸缪,实则包藏之目的,恐非止于‘保农’二字!”
顾炎武的声音陡然提高,带着一种振聋发聩的质问:“张孜堂,你所竭力维护之‘自耕自织’之经济,其所描绘之‘一夫百亩,男耕女织,死徙无出乡’之田园牧歌,究其根本,是何等之经济?其根基何在?其主导者,又为谁人?!”
顾炎武目光灼灼,扫视全场,每一个字都如同重锤:“此等小农经济之根基,非在‘小农’自身,而在其赖以生存之田土!然田土为谁所有?田土之权柄,操于谁手?张孜堂所言‘安土重迁’之小农,其身份,实乃依附于地主豪绅田土之上之佃农、农户耳!其所谓‘安’,实为‘不得不然’!所谓‘重迁’,实为‘无地可迁’!”
顾炎武向前一步,直指张烈言论的核心要害:“张孜堂极力推崇此模式,反对工商发展,反对新政工坊,其真意,无非是欲令天下万民,永世束缚于田土之上,依附于掌握田土之地主豪绅,永世维持那套由官绅地主掌控田土、进而掌控万民生计、主导整个经济基础之旧格局!”
“张孜堂,你表面关心农民生计,实则句句皆在为地主说话!表面忧心农力驰废,实则深恐工商兴起,动摇地主赖以盘剥之根基!老夫有没有说错?”
此言一出,全场哗然!台下许多出身士绅地主的听众脸色骤变,而许多刚刚还觉得张烈所言颇有道理的百姓和士子眼中爆发出醒悟的光芒,顾炎武这是撕开了温情脉脉的“重农”面纱,露出了其维护封建地主经济秩序的本质!
张烈满脸窘色,这种事他自然不能认,当即就辩驳道:“亭林先生此言,实在是诛心之言!在下字字句句是为了天下农户、是为家国社稷做打算,绝无半点私心!”
“有无私心,无需跟老夫多嘴,自己知道便可,天下百姓也看在眼中!”顾炎武却笑着摇了摇头,丝毫没有和张烈做口舌之争纠缠的意思,继续抨击道:“张孜堂,你生于天启年间,亲身经历过明末之乱,明末之乱源于何处?小农之家是何等的脆弱,你会不知?又为何要在这里鼓吹什么乡土田园、太平基石?”
“小农自足之经济,其‘安定’之说,实乃空中楼阁,自欺欺人,小农之家,耕织自给,看似安稳,实则脆弱如风中残烛!一场水旱蝗灾,一次苛捐杂税,一场疾病婚丧,甚至仅仅一场青黄不接,便足以令其举债度日!”
(本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第1002章经济(二)(第2/2页)
“一旦举债,必陷泥潭、再无脱身之可能,借粮一石,秋后还三斗,押地一亩,到期地非己有,此等惨状,史不绝书!张孜堂熟读经史,岂能不知?”
“这看似‘安定’的小农经济模式,其内在的脆弱性,必然导致土地兼并,小农分散而薄收,一旦有难,除了典当田土别无他法,以自身之力量亦无力抗衡豪强兼并、官府苛捐杂税,时日推移,则必然是豪强地主,富者阡陌相连,贫苦佃农,却无立锥之地,华夏千年、自三代以下历代王朝,可曾有一朝一代抑制住了这兼并之事?”
“张孜堂,你亲历明末之乱,当深知兼并之乱,百姓小农若真是安居而无杂念,又怎会掀起那覆明的狂潮?而你如今在台上,只见商贾利厚或诱农弃田,却对那真正鲸吞蚕食、使万千自耕农破产沦亡的‘土地兼并’视而不见,避而不谈!是何心思,汝固知之!”
顾炎武声音愈发激昂,带着控诉的力量,外表年老体衰的模样,却让张烈在他身前微微佝偻了身子:“老夫以为,‘土地兼并’方是导致农民穷困潦倒、破产流亡之根本祸源!此祸不除,空谈‘重农抑商’,无异于抱薪救火,徒使豪强坐大,贫者愈贫!这才是真正的舍本求末!”
“世久积弊,举数十屯而兼并于豪右,比比皆是,有田连阡陌,而户米不满斗石者,有贫无立锥,而户米至数十石者,富者兼地数万亩,而贫者无立足之居,故而农户被迫依托于豪强,以为私属,贷其种粮,赁其田庐,终年服务劳、无日休息、罄输所假,常患不充。”
“兼并之下,农民悲惨之境地,历朝历代以来举目皆是,张孜堂对此视而不见,反倒鼓吹小农经济之下农户方得安居乐业这类完全违背于现实的歪理,完全无视土地兼并、民不聊生,才是真正动摇社稷根基、撕裂人心风俗的滔天巨浪!”
顾炎武的目光紧紧锁定张烈,盯得他不敢直视,语气斩钉截铁的说道:“老夫以为,欲使国家安定、百姓丰乐,则必须抑制兼并,欲抑制兼并,则必须毁灭小农之经济,使农户不再脆弱无依,使田土之根本、经济之命脉,不再掌握在豪强手中,红营之社会改造,其最根本的政策,便是分田清丈、土地公有,便是源于此思想,从根子上彻底铲除兼并之害,使天下之农户不必受制于豪强,亦能尽得其产。”
“然则耕种劳心劳力去利薄,仅靠农业产出之利,不仅无法维持土地公有和统筹规划,亦不能真正改善百姓之生活,且田地有富瘠之分,农产亦种类繁杂,若不能互通有无,则小农之经济,依旧无法彻底打破……”顾炎武用拐杖重重在地上敲了敲:“故而兴工商以补农业之不足,便是必要之举措!”
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